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Kaliningrad is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland, on the Pregolya River at the head of the Vistula Lagoon, famous as the former Prussian city of Königsberg and the home of Immanuel Kant. Its top sights are Königsberg Cathedral, the Museum of the World Ocean, the Amber Museum and the old city gates.
Königsberg was founded in 1255 by the Teutonic Knights on the site of the Old Prussian settlement of Twangste and became the capital of the Duchy of Prussia and the coronation city of the Prussian kings. Heavily damaged in 1944 and 1945, it was captured by the Soviet Union on 9 April 1945 and renamed Kaliningrad in 1946.
Kaliningrad had 489,359 people in 2020 and is the only ice-free Russian port on the Baltic Sea and the headquarters of the Baltic Fleet. It was a host city of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, with its 35,000-seat stadium on October Island, and it is a green city of many parks, with the oldest tram system in Russia.
Königsberg Cathedral is a Brick Gothic cathedral on Kneiphof island in the Pregolya river in Kaliningrad, Russia, and the most significant surviving building of old Königsberg. Begun about 1330 and largely complete by 1380, it lost its spire and roof to RAF raids in 1944 and was rebuilt from 1992.
Kant's Tomb is the grave of the philosopher Immanuel Kant beside Königsberg Cathedral on Kant Island in Kaliningrad, Russia. Kant was born, lived and died in Königsberg (1724 to 1804), and his grave was restored in 1996 among the first works on the cathedral, which also houses a Kant museum.
Kaliningrad Fishing Village is an ethnographic and crafts quarter on October Island in Kaliningrad, Russia, built as a modern take on pre-war Königsberg's half-timbered houses. Begun in May 2006 near the cathedral, it runs along the Pregolya embankment from the Honey Bridge to the High Bridge.
Königsberg Stock Exchange is a former exchange on the Pregolya in Kaliningrad, Russia, and one of the few buildings of central Königsberg to survive World War II. Built in 1870 to 1875 by Heinrich Müller in Neo-Renaissance style, with two lions at its steps, it is now a cultural centre.
Kaliningrad King's Gate is one of the former city gates of Königsberg, now Kaliningrad, Russia, built in 1765 as the Gumbinnen Gate and renamed in 1811. Redesigned by Friedrich August Stüler in 1850, it bears sandstone statues of Ottokar II, Frederick I and Duke Albert and was restored in 2005.
Kaliningrad Brandenburg Gate is one of seven surviving city gates of Kaliningrad, Russia, on Bagration Street, and the only one still used for its original purpose as a road gate. First built in 1657 and later in brick, it was remodelled in 1843 with pointed Gothic pediments and medallions.
Friedland Gate is one of the surviving city gates of Kaliningrad, Russia, at the corner of Kalinin Prospekt and Dzerzhinsky Street next to the Southern Park. Built in about 1857 to 1862 as the last gate of Königsberg in the Neo-Gothic style, it now houses a museum based on objects found in the park.
Kaliningrad Amber Museum is the regional amber museum in Kaliningrad, Russia, set in a rebuilt fortification from the Napoleonic Wars on the shore of the Upper Lake. Opened in 1979, it holds about 14,000 pieces, over 3,000 amber inclusions and the only fragments of the decor of the Amber Room.
Museum of the World Ocean is the first comprehensive maritime museum-reserve in Russia, on the Pregolya embankment in Kaliningrad, Russia, founded on 12 April 1990. Moored at its quay are the research ship Vityaz, the submarine B-413, the Kosmonavt Viktor Patsaev and the fishing boat SRT-129.
Kaliningrad Cathedral of Christ the Saviour is the largest church in Kaliningrad Oblast, near Victory Square in central Kaliningrad, Russia. Designed by Oleg Kopylov in the style of Vladimir-Suzdal and 70 m high, it was begun in 1995 and its upper church was consecrated on 10 September 2006.
Kaliningrad Zoo is one of the oldest and largest zoos in Russia, opened on 21 May 1896 as the Königsberg Tiergarten in what is now Kaliningrad, Russia. It covers 16.5 hectares with 286 species and 2,130 animals as of 2020, and only four of its animals survived World War II, including a hippo.
Kaliningrad Lower Pond is a large artificial pond in Kaliningrad, Russia, about one kilometre long and first documented by the Teutonic Knights in 1256. Made by damming the Katzbach stream and once called the Schlossteich after Königsberg Castle, it is ringed by a promenade popular in summer.
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