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Łódź is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship in central Poland, about 120 kilometres south-west of Warsaw and the country's fourth-largest city, and it is famous for its red-brick textile mills, the palaces of its factory owners and the long boulevard of Piotrkowska Street.
Granted town rights in 1423, Łódź stayed small until the 19th century, when the textile industry made it one of the largest cities in Poland, home to Poles, Jews and Germans, as told in Władysław Reymont's novel The Promised Land. Between the wars it became a centre of the Polish avant-garde, and under German occupation its Jews were forced into the Litzmannstadt Ghetto and sent to death camps.
Visitors come to stroll along Piotrkowska Street, explore Manufaktura and the Poznański Palace, see the art and textile museums, the tall cathedral and the Orthodox church, and remember the ghetto at the Jewish Cemetery and Radegast Station.
Piotrkowska Street is the main artery of Łódź, a straight boulevard of about 4.2 kilometres between Liberty Square and Independence Square and one of the longest shopping streets in Europe. Laid out in 1823, it grew with the textile boom and is lined with grand tenements, cafes and restaurants.
Manufaktura is an arts centre, shopping mall and leisure complex in Łódź, opened in 2006 in the red-brick textile factory complex founded by Izrael Poznański. Covering 27 hectares, it has the largest public square in the city, used for concerts and sports events, and is a major tourist attraction.
The Izrael Poznański Palace is a lavish 19th-century residence in Łódź, rebuilt from a tenement in 1888 to 1903 in Neo-Renaissance and Neo-Baroque styles for the textile magnate Izrael Poznański. Standing beside his old factory, now Manufaktura, it houses the Museum of the City of Łódź.
Księży Młyn, or Priest's Mill, is a historic district of Łódź made up of cotton spinning mills, workers' houses and related buildings put up from 1824 onward. Named after a mill that belonged to the local priest in the 15th century, its red-brick buildings are being renewed as offices and homes.
The Museum of Art in Łódź, Muzeum Sztuki, opened in 1931 as one of the first modern art museums in the world, second only to New York's Museum of Modern Art. Set up by avant-garde artists such as Władysław Strzemiński and Katarzyna Kobro, it focuses on Central and Eastern European avant-garde art.
The Central Museum of Textiles is housed in Ludwik Geyer's White Factory in Łódź, a historic cotton mill. Said to be the first textile museum in the world, it holds the largest textile collection in Europe, built up since 1960 from a weaving department of the Museum of Art, with fabrics and looms.
EC1 Łódź – City of Culture fills the restored buildings of the first power plant in Łódź with centres of culture and science. It includes a science and technology centre, a planetarium, the National Centre for Film Culture and a centre for comics, as well as a children's museum of science.
Łódź Zoo, opened in 1938 in the Polesie district, covers about 17 hectares and is home to more than 3,000 animals of over 550 species, including Asiatic lions. Its Orientarium, opened in 2022, is a huge modern complex devoted to the wildlife of South-East Asia, with orangutans, leopards and sharks.
Łódź Cathedral, the Archcathedral Basilica of St. Stanislaus Kostka, is a Neo-Gothic church of bare brick built in 1901 to 1912 on the model of Ulm Minster in Germany. Its spire, 104.5 metres high, makes it the tallest building in Łódź and one of the highest churches in Poland.
The Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Łódź is a Polish Orthodox church consecrated in 1884, paid for by industrialists of many faiths as a gift to the small Orthodox community of the city. Its ornate walls and domes hide a richly decorated interior with an iconostasis made in St. Petersburg.
The Jewish Cemetery in Łódź, opened in 1892 on Bracka Street, was once the largest Jewish cemetery in Poland and covers about 44 hectares. It holds some 180,000 marked graves, the grand mausoleum of Izrael Poznański and the mass graves of victims of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto.
Radegast Station, Radogoszcz in Polish, is a former railway station in the Marysin area of Łódź that was the loading point for deporting Jews from the Łódź Ghetto to Chełmno and Auschwitz. It is now a Holocaust memorial with the old station building, cattle wagons and a long memorial tunnel.
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