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Stuttgart is the capital and largest city of Baden-Württemberg and, with about 630,000 people, the sixth largest city in Germany. It spreads across hills, some covered in vineyards, and valleys around the Neckar, and it is known as the cradle of the automobile, home to Mercedes-Benz and Porsche.
Its name comes from a stud farm set up around AD 950 by Duke Liudolf of Swabia. Stuttgart became the seat of the Dukes of Württemberg in the 15th century and of its kings in the 19th, and in 1952 it became capital of the new state of Baden-Württemberg; the war left its centre heavily damaged.
Visitors start on the Schlossplatz between the New Palace and the Old Castle, see the Mercedes-Benz and Porsche museums and the Staatsgalerie, and ride up the TV tower. In autumn the Cannstatter Volksfest fills the Wasen, and the city is one of Germany's largest wine-growing communities.
The Neues Schloss, or New Palace, is a Baroque palace on the Schlossplatz, commissioned by Duke Carl Eugen of Württemberg to replace the Old Castle and built between 1746 and 1807. Once home to the kings of Württemberg, it was left a shell in the war and rebuilt from 1958 to 1964.
The Altes Schloss, or Old Castle, began as a castle finished in 950 to guard the stud farm that gave Stuttgart its name, and it later housed the Counts and Dukes of Württemberg. Its Renaissance arcaded courtyard leads to the State Museum of Württemberg, founded in 1862.
The Stuttgart Stiftskirche, or Collegiate Church, is the main church of the Protestant church in Württemberg. Built as a Romanesque church in 1240, it gained a Gothic chancel from 1321 to 1347 and a Late Gothic nave in the late 15th century, and has been Protestant since 1534.
The Württemberg Mausoleum stands on the Württemberg hill in Rotenberg and was built from 1820 to 1824 to a design by Giovanni Salucci for King William I. It holds the remains of his second wife, Catherine Pavlovna of Russia, of the king and of their daughter, and had 40,000 visitors in 2018.
The Mercedes-Benz Museum stands by the main gate of the Daimler factory in a building by UNStudio, opened on 19 May 2006, whose double helix interior gives 16,500 square metres of exhibition space. It tells the story of the brand with more than 160 vehicles and is the city's most visited museum.
The Porsche Museum is a car museum beside the Porsche headquarters in Zuffenhausen, first opened in 1976 and reopened to the public in a new building on 31 January 2009. It works as a rolling museum, rotating exhibits from a stock of 300 restored cars, and it drew about 450,000 visitors in 2015.
The Staatsgalerie Stuttgart is the state art gallery, opened in 1843 in a classicist building. In 1984 the Neue Staatsgalerie by James Stirling was added next door for 20th-century art from Picasso to Miró and Joseph Beuys, turning a provincial gallery into one of Europe's leading museums.
The Kunstmuseum Stuttgart is a museum of modern and contemporary art that opened in 2005 in a glass cube by Hascher and Jehle on the corner of the Schlossplatz, where lit limestone walls show through at night. It holds one of the most important collections of works by Otto Dix.
Wilhelma is a zoological and botanical garden in Bad Cannstatt, grown from a royal bathhouse that William I of Württemberg had built in the Moorish style of the Alhambra. On about 30 hectares it keeps some 11,500 animals of 1,200 species and draws more than 2 million visitors a year.
The Fernsehturm Stuttgart is a television tower 216.61 metres tall on the Hoher Bopser hill in Degerloch, begun in 1954 as the world's first telecommunications tower of reinforced concrete. Its observation decks look over forests and vineyards to the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest.
The Weissenhof Estate was built for the 1927 Deutscher Werkbund exhibition, with 21 buildings by 17 European architects under Mies van der Rohe, as a showcase of simple and modern housing. Its two buildings by Le Corbusier became part of a World Heritage Site in 2016, with the rest as buffer zone.
The Cannstatter Volksfest is a three-week fair and beer festival held each year from late September on the Cannstatter Wasen by the Neckar, seen by many as the second largest beer festival after the Oktoberfest. It began on 28 September 1818 as a farming festival after years of famine.
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